Abbreviations (Collected) : Related to Information & Technology- For Cadet College Admission Test Preparation

Let’s learn some Abbreviations

( Related to Internet & Communications

১। Wi-Fi র পূর্ণরূপ — Wireless Fidelity.
২। HTTP এর পূর্ণরূপ — Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
৩। HTTPS এর পূর্ণরূপ — Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure.
৪। URL এর পূর্ণরূপ — Uniform Resource Locator.
৫। IP এর পূর্ণরূপ— Internet Protocol
৬। VIRUS এর পূর্ণরূপ — Vital Information Resource Under Seized.
৭। SIM এর পূর্ণরূপ — Subscriber Identity Module.
৮। 3G এর পূর্ণরূপ — 3rd Generation.
৯। GSM এর পূর্ণরূপ — Global System for Mobile Communication.
১০। CDMA এর পূর্ণরূপ — Code Divison Multiple Access.
১১। UMTS এর পূর্ণরূপ — Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
১২। RTS এর পূর্ণরূপ — Real Time Streaming
১৩। AVI এর পূর্ণরূপ — Audio Video Interleave
১৪। SIS এর পূর্ণরূপ — Symbian OS Installer File
১৫। AMR এর পূর্ণরূপ — Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
১৬। JAD এর পূর্ণরূপ — Java Application Descriptor
১৭। JAR এর পূর্ণরূপ — Java Archive
১৮। MP3 এর পূর্ণরূপ — MPEG player lll
১৯। 3GPP এর পূর্ণরূপ — 3rd Generation Partnership Project
২০। 3GP এর পূর্ণরূপ — 3rd Generation Project
২১। MP4 এর পূর্ণরূপ — MPEG-4 video file
২২। AAC এর পূর্ণরূপ — Advanced Audio Coding
২৩। GIF এর পূর্ণরূপ — Graphic Interchangeable Format
২৪। BMP এর পূর্ণরূপ — Bitmap
২৫। JPEG এর পূর্ণরূপ — Joint Photographic Expert Group
২৬। SWF এর পূর্ণরূপ — Shock Wave Flash
২৭। WMV এর পূর্ণরূপ — Windows Media Video
২৮। WMA এর পূর্ণরূপ — Windows Media Audio
২৯। WAV এর পূর্ণরূপ — Waveform Audio
৩০। PNG এর পূর্ণরূপ — Portable Network Graphics
৩১। DOC এর পূর্ণরূপ — Doc**ent (Microsoft Corporation)
৩২। PDF এর পূর্ণরূপ — Portable Doc**ent Format
৩৩। M3G এর পূর্ণরূপ — Mobile 3D Graphics
৩৪। M4A এর পূর্ণরূপ — MPEG-4 Audio File
৩৫। NTH এর পূর্ণরূপ — Nokia Theme(series 40)
৩৬। THM এর পূর্ণরূপ — Themes (Sony Ericsson)
৩৭। MMF এর পূর্ণরূপ — Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
৩৮। NRT এর পূর্ণরূপ — Nokia Ringtone
৩৯। XMF এর পূর্ণরূপ — Extensible Music File
৪০। WBMP এর পূর্ণরূপ — Wireless Bitmap Image
৪১। DVX এর পূর্ণরূপ — DivX Video
৪২। HTML এর পূর্ণরূপ — Hyper Text Markup Language
৪৩। WML এর পূর্ণরূপ — Wireless Markup Language
৪৪। CD এর পূর্ণরূপ — Compact Disk.
৪৫। DVD এর পূর্ণরূপ — Digital Versatile Disk.
৪৬। CRT — Cathode Ray Tube.
৪৭। DAT এর পূর্ণরূপ — Digital Audio Tape.
৪৮। DOS এর পূর্ণরূপ — Disk Operating System.
৪৯। GUI এর পূর্ণরূপ — Graphical User Interface.
৫০। ISP এর পূর্ণরূপ — Internet Service Provider.
৫১। TCP এর পূর্ণরূপ — Transmission Control Protocol.
৫২। UPS এর পূর্ণরূপ — Uninterruptible Power Supply.
৫৩। HSDPA এর পূর্ণরূপ — High Speed Downlink Packet Access.
৫৪। EDGE এর পূর্ণরূপ — Enhanced Data Rate for GSM [Global System for Mobile Communication]
৫৫। VHF এর পূর্ণরূপ — Very High Frequency.
৫৬। UHF এর পূর্ণরূপ — Ultra High Frequency.
৫৭। GPRS এর পূর্ণরূপ — General Packet Radio Service.
৫৮। WAP এর পূর্ণরূপ — Wireless Application Protocol.
৫৯। ARPANET এর পূর্ণরূপ — Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
৬০। IBM এর পূর্ণরূপ — International Business Machines.
৬১। HP এর পূর্ণরূপ — Hewlett Packard.
৬২। AM/FM এর পূর্ণরূপ — Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.
৬৩। WLAN এর পূর্ণরূপ — Wireless Local Area Network
৬৪। USB এর পূর্ণরূপ

Spelling ( For Cadet College Admission Test Preparation)

Correct Spelling:

Lieutenant, 

Carriage, 

Marriage, 

Tuition, 

Cheerful,

 Museum, 

Receive,

 Diarrhoea, 

Dilemma, 

Butcher,

Martyr,

 Aquarium, 

Colleague, 

Gymnast, 

Philosopher, 

Garage, 

Colonel, 

Suicide, 

Manuscript,

 Illiterate, 

Illegible 

Tsunami, 

Illegal, 

Astronomer, 

Panacea, 

Mystery, 

Caravan, 

Committee, 

Surgeon, 

Psychology, 

Pneumonia, 

Xebec, 

Xanthippe, 

Xylophone, 

Xylem, 

Abbreviation, 

Illiteracy, 

Wrestling, 

Quarrelsome, 

Queue, 

Czech, 

Hypocrite, 

Kneeling, 

Handkerchief, 

Mimicry, 

Obvious,  

Oxygen, 

Phenomena,

 Physiology, 

Balloon, 

Cadet College Admission Test Preparation 2016 ( Grammar: Verbs and Objects- Definitions & Examples)

Verbs: (“A verb is a word that denotes ‘being’, ‘having’ or ‘doing’ an action in any form.”-P.C. Das.) [The Verb is classified into two kinds in modern Grammar. They are-

1.The State Verb. 2.The Event or Action Verb.]

1.Factitive Verb:

The transitive verb that can’t express a complete meaning without having an extra object: We elected him chairman.

2. Copulative Verb: the verb that can’t express a complete meaning without an extra word. Example: He looks happy.

3. Quasi Passive verb: The verb that is used in quasi passive. Example: Rice sells cheap. 

4. Causative Verb: The verb that direct other person to perform an action. Examples: See-Show, Know- Inform, Remember- Remind, Eat- Feed, Rise- Raise, Lie- Lay, Learn- Teach, Sit- Set, (*The verb that does not have self causative expression, it takes ‘have’, ‘make’, ‘get’ etc to express causative meaning. Examples: I got the letter written. He made me do the work.

5. Perception Verb: The verb that denotes Five- Senses. Examples: see, hear, taste, eel, smell, recognize, observe etc.

6. Inchoative Verb:  The verb that denotes the turning point of a thing. Examples: the milk has turned sour. The telephone has gone dead.

7. Progressive Verb: The verb that is used as the continuous mode. Examples: I am doing the work.

8. Impersonal Verb: The verb that takes ‘ It’/ ‘There’ as the subject. Example: It looks beautiful.

9. Reciprocal Verb: The verb that takes reciprocal pronoun as the object. Example: Rina and Mina love each other.

10. Linking Verb: The verb that makes a link between the Subject and the Object and takes Noun or Adjective as the object. Examples: Mr. Rahim is a doctor(noun). He is good(Adjective). He works hard(Adjective).

11. Finite Verb:  The verb that completes the description of a sentence. Example: I eat rice.

12. Non Finite Verb:  The verb that can’t complete the description of a sentence. Example: He wants to go home. ( to go, to taste, to sing, to play etc.-Infinitives).

13. Transitive Verb: The verb that takes an object. Example: I eat rice.

14. Intransitive Verb: The verb that doesn’t take an object. He goes to school.

15. Modal Auxiliary: The Auxiliary verb that doesn’t change for tenses, number or person . Examples: He can do                

the work. I can do the work.  

16. Primary Auxiliary: The verb that doesn’t have its own meaning and helps other verbs to make sentence, tense, voice, mood etc. ‘To be’-am, is, are, was, were, been, being. ‘To have’-has, have, had, having. ‘To do’- do, did, does.

17. Principal Verb: The verb that has its own meaning and the verb that can express a complete sense without getting help of any other verb.

18. Non-Conclusive Verb: The verb that expresses liking, disliking, feeling etc. Example: I like playing cricket. Don’t hate the poor.

19. State Verb: The verb that is used in non- progressive verb. It does not start or end a discussion. He forgets everything.

20. Event/ Action Verb: The verb that starts or ends a discussion. Example: He eats rice.

21. Strong Verb/ Irregular Verb: The verb that exchanges its internal vowel/ vowels and takes n, en, ne at the end of it to turn into ‘Past Participle’ form. Examples: arise- arose- arisen.

22.Weak Verb/ Regular Verb: The verb that generally takes d, t, and  ed to turn into Past form and Past Participle form. Example: Agree-agreed-agreed.

23. Reflexive Verb: The verb that has a reflexive object is called a reflexive verb. Example: Rahim fans himself.

24. Group Verb / Prepositional verb: The verb that takes a preposition with it and is used as a group is called a group/ prepositional verb.

Example: He looks after his family.

25.Reciprocal Verb:The verbs of reciprocal pronouns (Each other, one another) is called Reciprocal Verb.

Example: They love each other.

Objects

1.       Indirect Object: Indicates an object that has life. Example: The cow gives us milk. Indirect object is also called Dative case.

2.       Direct Object: Indicates an object of thing/things. Example: He gave me a book.

Indirect object is also called Acusative case.

* Look at the examples: He sent me a letter. He sent a letter to me.

He bought me a shirt. He bought a shirt for me.

(Note: If indirect object places at the end of a sentence, then it takes ‘for’ or ‘to’.)

3.       Direct Object and Indirect Object are also called Double Object.

4.       Retained Object:

The object that doesn’t exchange place even in a passive mode is a retained object.

Example: He teaches us English. English is taught us by him. / We are taught English by him.

5.       Cognate object: When a verb receives an object of the similar meaning of it, then it is called Retained object. Examples: He sings a song. He ran a race.  I dreamt a good dream. They fight a good fight. Etc.

6.       Factitive object: When a Transitive verb cannot express a full meaning even after having an object itself then it takes an extra object. The extra object is called a factitive object.

Examples: He called me a fool. We made him captain. We elect him chairman. The company appointed him manager. I think him friend. He names me Rana.

7.       Reflexive Object: If a pronoun is used as an object, it is called reflexive Example: He killed himself. The fanned themselves.

8.       Adverbial object: The object that indicates an adverb is called adverbial object.

Example: I go home.

9.       Complementary object: The object of ‘ To Be’ is  called a complementary object.

I know him to be a coward.

10.    Dative of interest: If an object places just before a verb to express an interest of the speaker, it is called dative of interest. Example: Buy me a shirt.

11.    Dative of Disinterest: If an object places just before a verb and expresses disinterest of the speaker, it is called dative of disinterest. Example: He ordered me to go.