Cadet College Admission Test Preparation 2016 ( Grammar: Verbs and Objects- Definitions & Examples)

Verbs: (“A verb is a word that denotes ‘being’, ‘having’ or ‘doing’ an action in any form.”-P.C. Das.) [The Verb is classified into two kinds in modern Grammar. They are-

1.The State Verb. 2.The Event or Action Verb.]

1.Factitive Verb:

The transitive verb that can’t express a complete meaning without having an extra object: We elected him chairman.

2. Copulative Verb: the verb that can’t express a complete meaning without an extra word. Example: He looks happy.

3. Quasi Passive verb: The verb that is used in quasi passive. Example: Rice sells cheap. 

4. Causative Verb: The verb that direct other person to perform an action. Examples: See-Show, Know- Inform, Remember- Remind, Eat- Feed, Rise- Raise, Lie- Lay, Learn- Teach, Sit- Set, (*The verb that does not have self causative expression, it takes ‘have’, ‘make’, ‘get’ etc to express causative meaning. Examples: I got the letter written. He made me do the work.

5. Perception Verb: The verb that denotes Five- Senses. Examples: see, hear, taste, eel, smell, recognize, observe etc.

6. Inchoative Verb:  The verb that denotes the turning point of a thing. Examples: the milk has turned sour. The telephone has gone dead.

7. Progressive Verb: The verb that is used as the continuous mode. Examples: I am doing the work.

8. Impersonal Verb: The verb that takes ‘ It’/ ‘There’ as the subject. Example: It looks beautiful.

9. Reciprocal Verb: The verb that takes reciprocal pronoun as the object. Example: Rina and Mina love each other.

10. Linking Verb: The verb that makes a link between the Subject and the Object and takes Noun or Adjective as the object. Examples: Mr. Rahim is a doctor(noun). He is good(Adjective). He works hard(Adjective).

11. Finite Verb:  The verb that completes the description of a sentence. Example: I eat rice.

12. Non Finite Verb:  The verb that can’t complete the description of a sentence. Example: He wants to go home. ( to go, to taste, to sing, to play etc.-Infinitives).

13. Transitive Verb: The verb that takes an object. Example: I eat rice.

14. Intransitive Verb: The verb that doesn’t take an object. He goes to school.

15. Modal Auxiliary: The Auxiliary verb that doesn’t change for tenses, number or person . Examples: He can do                

the work. I can do the work.  

16. Primary Auxiliary: The verb that doesn’t have its own meaning and helps other verbs to make sentence, tense, voice, mood etc. ‘To be’-am, is, are, was, were, been, being. ‘To have’-has, have, had, having. ‘To do’- do, did, does.

17. Principal Verb: The verb that has its own meaning and the verb that can express a complete sense without getting help of any other verb.

18. Non-Conclusive Verb: The verb that expresses liking, disliking, feeling etc. Example: I like playing cricket. Don’t hate the poor.

19. State Verb: The verb that is used in non- progressive verb. It does not start or end a discussion. He forgets everything.

20. Event/ Action Verb: The verb that starts or ends a discussion. Example: He eats rice.

21. Strong Verb/ Irregular Verb: The verb that exchanges its internal vowel/ vowels and takes n, en, ne at the end of it to turn into ‘Past Participle’ form. Examples: arise- arose- arisen.

22.Weak Verb/ Regular Verb: The verb that generally takes d, t, and  ed to turn into Past form and Past Participle form. Example: Agree-agreed-agreed.

23. Reflexive Verb: The verb that has a reflexive object is called a reflexive verb. Example: Rahim fans himself.

24. Group Verb / Prepositional verb: The verb that takes a preposition with it and is used as a group is called a group/ prepositional verb.

Example: He looks after his family.

25.Reciprocal Verb:The verbs of reciprocal pronouns (Each other, one another) is called Reciprocal Verb.

Example: They love each other.

Objects

1.       Indirect Object: Indicates an object that has life. Example: The cow gives us milk. Indirect object is also called Dative case.

2.       Direct Object: Indicates an object of thing/things. Example: He gave me a book.

Indirect object is also called Acusative case.

* Look at the examples: He sent me a letter. He sent a letter to me.

He bought me a shirt. He bought a shirt for me.

(Note: If indirect object places at the end of a sentence, then it takes ‘for’ or ‘to’.)

3.       Direct Object and Indirect Object are also called Double Object.

4.       Retained Object:

The object that doesn’t exchange place even in a passive mode is a retained object.

Example: He teaches us English. English is taught us by him. / We are taught English by him.

5.       Cognate object: When a verb receives an object of the similar meaning of it, then it is called Retained object. Examples: He sings a song. He ran a race.  I dreamt a good dream. They fight a good fight. Etc.

6.       Factitive object: When a Transitive verb cannot express a full meaning even after having an object itself then it takes an extra object. The extra object is called a factitive object.

Examples: He called me a fool. We made him captain. We elect him chairman. The company appointed him manager. I think him friend. He names me Rana.

7.       Reflexive Object: If a pronoun is used as an object, it is called reflexive Example: He killed himself. The fanned themselves.

8.       Adverbial object: The object that indicates an adverb is called adverbial object.

Example: I go home.

9.       Complementary object: The object of ‘ To Be’ is  called a complementary object.

I know him to be a coward.

10.    Dative of interest: If an object places just before a verb to express an interest of the speaker, it is called dative of interest. Example: Buy me a shirt.

11.    Dative of Disinterest: If an object places just before a verb and expresses disinterest of the speaker, it is called dative of disinterest. Example: He ordered me to go.