Connectors for class Nine & Ten

LINKERS Contrast In spite of / Despite Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.   Although / (Even) though Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence.  However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast. Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma.  On the one hand ... On the other hand. Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.  In contrast to / Contrary to. Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.  Whereas Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas.  Reason and cause  Because / As / Since / Seeing that Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in final position. Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase.  Purpose In order to / So as to Introduce an infinitive of purpose. In order that / So that Introduce a sentence.  Consequence Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore    As a consequence of / As a result of Followed by a noun phrase.  So Introduces a sentence. No commas.    Addition  Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more Used after a strong pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma.  As well as / In addition to / Besides Used to add  one more piece of information. Followed by a noun phrase.  Exemplification  For example / For instance Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas.  Such as Introduces an example referring to the last idea. CONNECTORS Contrast  but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.  ‘The book is short but / yet interesting’ in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. ‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’ although /though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.     ‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams’.  however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:  ‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’   while, whereas    ‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’   Reason and cause . because, as since, seeing that:   ‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home’  because of, on account of, owing to, due to:  ‘Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home’ in order to, so as to, to:  ‘She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programmes’  Add information . for example, for instante, such as:  ‘Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C’  . more over, furthermore, besides, in addition to:  ‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’  . apart from, except for:  ‘Apart from English, she speaks French’. Succession . - First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….   - Second / Secondly / Then …   - Third / Thirdly / After that...  - The next stage …   - Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…     Result . As a result of:  ‘As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.  Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason:  ‘Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test’.  Order First parragraph At first sight: A primera vista First: En primer lugar First of all: Antes que nada In the first place: En primer lugar To start with: Para empezar Second parragraph In the second place: En segundo lugar Second: Segundo Secondly: En segundo lugar Third: Tercero Thirdly: En tercer lugar Conclusion Finally: Por último In conclusion: Para concluir Lastly: Por último And eventually: Y finalmente Adding information apart from: Aparte de in addition: Además in addition to: Además de What’s more: Además; lo que es más moreover: Además on top of that: Además besides: Además On the one hand: Por una parte On the other hand: Por otra parte and eventually: Y finalmente Contrast all the same: a pesar de todo however: sin embargo instead of: en vez de in spite of / despite: a pesar de nevertheless: no obstante on the contrary: por el contrario whereas / while: mientras though / although: aunque Reason because of + noun: a causa de due to + noun: debido a due to the fact that + sentence: debido a que  for this / that reason:  por esta / esa razón owing to + noun: debido a  owing to the fact that + sentence: debido a que Result as a result: como resultado because of: a causa de consequently: en consecuencia so: por lo tanto that's why: por eso, por esa razón... therefore: por lo tanto Expressing facts actually: en realidad as a matter of fact: de hecho in fact: de hecho really: en realidad Expressing a personal opinion as far as I am concerned por lo que a mí respecta from my point of view desde mi punto de vista I agree estoy de acuerdo I disagree no estoy de acuerdo in my opinion en mi opinión in my view según lo veo I think that creo que it is true that es verdad que personally personalmente to be honest, para ser honesto to tell the truth, a decir verdad Explain in other words: en otras palabras in short: en resumen above all: sobre todo Exemplifying and so on: etcétera Summarizing all in all: en suma Sequencing after that: después de eso that is (to say): es decir all in all: en general at least: al menos basically: básicamente, fundamentalmente especially: especialmente, sobre todo essentially: esencialmente in general: en general in particular: en particular more or less: más o menos on the whole: en general to a certain extent: hasta cierto punto for example: por ejemplo for instance: por ejemplo such: as tal(es)como in brief: en resumen in conclusion: Para concluir in short: en resumen on the whole: en general to sum up: Para resumir all of a sudden: de repente Finally: Finalmente First of all: En primer lugar in the end: al final in the meantime: mientras tanto meanwhile: mientras tanto next: luego suddenly: de repente then: entonces, después while: mientras