Verbs

Cadet College Admission Test 2018

Preparation

Verb: “A verb is a word that denotes ‘being’, ‘having’ or ‘doing’ an action in any form.”-P.C. Das.

Verb is of two kinds mainly:

They are -1. Finite Verb and 2. Non-finnite verb

1.Finite Verb:  The verb that finishes an action and the verb that changes its form for the changing of number and person of the subject is called finite verb.

Example: He plays cricket.

2. Non-finite Verb:  The verb that cannot finish an action and the verb that does not change its form for the changing of number and person of the subject is called finite verb.

Example: He wants to go home.

1.Factitive Verb:

The transitive verb that can’t express a complete meaning without having an extra object: We elected him chairman.

2. Copulative Verb: the verb that can’t express a complete meaning without an extra word. Example: He looks happy.

3. Quasi Passive verb: The verb that is used in quasi passive. Example: Rice sells cheap. 

4. Causative Verb: The verb that direct other person to perform an action. Examples: See-Show, Know- Inform, Remember- Remind, Eat- Feed, Rise- Raise, Lie- Lay, Learn- Teach, Sit- Set, (*The verb that does not have self causative expression, it takes ‘have’, ‘make’, ‘get’ etc to express causative meaning. Examples: I got the letter written. He made me do the work.

5. Perception Verb: The verb that denotes Five- Senses is called perception verb. Examples: see, hear, taste, eel, smell, recognize, observe etc.

6. Inchoative Verb:  The verb that denotes the turning point of a thing. Examples: the milk has turned sour. The telephone has gone dead.

7. Progressive Verb: The verb that is used as the continuous mode. Examples: I am doing the work.

8. Impersonal Verb: The verb that takes ‘ It’/ ‘There’ as the subject. Example: It looks beautiful.

9. Reciprocal Verb: The verb that takes reciprocal pronoun as the object. Example: Rina and Mina love each other.

10. Linking Verb: The verb that makes a link between the Subject and the Object and takes Noun or Adjective as the object. Examples: Mr. Rahim is a doctor(noun). He is good(Adjective). He works hard(Adjective).

11. Finite Verb:  The verb that completes the description of a sentence. Example: I eat rice.

12. Non Finite Verb:  The verb that can’t complete the description of a sentence. Example: He wants to go home. ( to go, to taste, to sing, to play etc.-Infinitives).

13. Transitive Verb: The verb that takes an object. Example: I eat rice.

14. Intransitive Verb: The verb that doesn’t take an object. He goes to school.

15. Modal Auxiliary: The Auxiliary verb that doesn’t change for tenses, number or person of the subjects. Examples: He can do .             

the work. I can do the work.  

16. Primary Auxiliary: The verb that doesn’t have its own meaning and helps other verbs to make sentence, tense, voice, mood etc. ‘To be’-am, is, are, was, were, been, being. ‘To have’-has, have, had, having. ‘To do’- do, did, does.

17. Principal Verb: The verb that has its own meaning and the verb that can express a complete sense without getting help of any other verb.

18. Non-Conclusive Verb: The verb that expresses liking, disliking, feeling etc. Example: I like playing cricket. Don’t hate the poor.

19. State Verb: The verb that is used in non- progressive verb. It does not start or end a discussion. He forgets everything.

20. Event/ Action Verb: The verb that starts or ends a discussion. Example: He eats rice.

21. Strong Verb/ Irregular Verb: The verb that exchanges its internal vowel/ vowels and takes n, en, ne at the end of it to turn into ‘Past Participle’ form. Examples: arise- arose- arisen.

22.Weak Verb/ Regular Verb: The verb that generally takes d, t, and  ed to turn into Past form and Past Participle form. Example: Agree-agreed-agreed.

23. Reflexive Verb: The verb that has a reflexive object is called a reflexive verb. Example: Rahim fans himself.

24. Group Verb / Prepositional verb: The verb that takes a preposition with it and is used as a group is called a group/ prepositional verb.

Example: He looks after his family.

25.Reciprocal Verb:The verbs of reciprocal pronouns (Each other, one another) is called Reciprocal Verb.

Example: They love each other.

Objects

1.   Indirect Object: Indicates an object that has life. Example: The cow gives us milk. Indirect object is also called Dative case.

2.   Direct Object: Indicates an object of thing/things. Example: He gave me a book.

Indirect object is also called Acusative case.

* Look at the examples: He sent me a letter. He sent a letter to me.

He bought me a shirt. He bought a shirt for me.

(Note: If indirect object places at the end of a sentence, then it takes ‘for’ or ‘to’.)

3.   Direct Object and Indirect Object are also called Double Object.

4.   Retained Object:

The object that doesn’t exchange place even in a passive mode is a retained object.

Example: He teaches us English. English is taught us by him. / We are taught English by him.

5.   Cognate object: When a verb receives an object of the similar meaning of it, then it is called Retained object. Examples: He sings a song. He ran a race.  I dreamt a good dream. They fight a good fight. Etc.

6.   Factitive object: When a Transitive verb cannot express a full meaning even after having an object itself then it takes an extra object. The extra object is called a factitive object.

Examples: He called me a fool. We made him captain. We elect him chairman. The company appointed him manager. I think him friend. He names me Rana.

7.   Reflexive Object: If a pronoun is used as an object, it is called reflexive Example: He killed himself. The fanned themselves.

8.   Adverbial object: The object that indicates an adverb is called adverbial object.

Example: I go home.

9.   Complementary object: The object of ‘ To Be’ is  called a complementary object.

I know him to be a coward.

10.        Dative of interest: If an object places just before a verb to express an interest of the speaker, it is called dative of interest. Example: Buy me a shirt.

11.        Dative of Disinterest: If an object places just before a verb and expresses disinterest of the speaker, it is called dative of disinterest. Example: He ordered me to go.