Voice Changing - Rules

 Voice Changing - Rules

Rule :1

a) Present indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + am/is/are + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active – I play football.
Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.

b) Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I am playing football.
Passive: Football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.

c) Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + have been/ has been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.

d) Past indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + was/were + v3+ by + subject এর object

Active: I ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football was played by them.

e) Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + was being/were being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I was eating rice.
Passive: Rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

f) Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + had been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: we had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.

g) Future indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object এর subject + shall be/will be + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by them.

h) Future continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + shall be being/will be being + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being played by them.

i) Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

Rule 4:

May, might, can could, must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me.
Active: You must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.
Active: We ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: Our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: we are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

Rule 5:

Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) শুধু মাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + v3

Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: Shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.

B) Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + be + v3

Active: Do not close the door.
Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.

C) Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her)থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + v3 + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: Let a song be sung by us.
Active: Let him give the chance.
Passive: Let the chance be given by him.

D) Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + ever be + v3

Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never go there.
Passive: Let not there ever be gone.

E) মূল verb এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Let + direct object টি বসবে (মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে + be + v3 + for +ব্যক্তিবাচক object

Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given to me.
Interrogative sentence

Rule 6:

Interrogative sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) Structure:
Interrogative sentence কে Assertive sentence এ রুপান্তর করে নিতে হবে + রুপান্তরিত Assertive sentence এর active voice থেকে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হবে + এবার রুপান্তরিত passive voice এর auxiliary verb টিকে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে + শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। **** Tense অনুসারে করতে হবে।

Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive এর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive এর passive: A book is being read by him.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Is a book being read by him?
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: You played football.
Assertive এর passive: Football was played by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Was football played by you?

B) Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/ been বসাতে হয় + V3+ ?.

Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: Who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?

C) Whom যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Whom এর পরিবর্তে who + tense ও person অনুযায়ী

Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?

Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who has been murdered by him in this home?

D) What যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
What + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?

Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

Rule 7:

Subject + verb + object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by + subject এর object.

Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for my friend.
Passive: He was taken for my friend by me.

Rule 8:

Double object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয় (personal object কে subject এ রুপান্তর করলে ভাল) + v3 + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে + by + active voice এর subject টি object রুপে হয়।

Active: I gave him a flower.

Passive: He was given a flower by me.

Active: He teaches us math.

Passive: We are taught English by him.

Rule 9:

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় উভয় clause এর voice পরিবর্তন হয়।

Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.

Note: Active voice “people say” দিয়ে শুরু হলে It is said দিয়ে passive voice করাই ভাল।

Active: People say that the lion is the king of forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the lion is the king of forest.

Rule 10:

Intransitive verb যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

সাধারনত Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। তবে Intransitive verb এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group verb গঠন করে এবং তা Intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে –

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + প্রদত্ত preposition + by + subject টির object।

Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: They looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.

Rule 11:

Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Active voice subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় passive voice এর subject হিসেবে হবে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by + Reflexive object বসবে।

Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: You killed yourself.
Passive: You were killed by yourself.

Rule 12:

Factitive object/Complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণ রুপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরুপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object/Complementary objectবলে।

Structure:
নামবাচক object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়। + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + Factitive object + by + subject এর object।

Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: we call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.

Rule 13:

Cognate object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – কিছু intransitive verb তাদের সমর্থক object নিয়ে transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ধরনের object কে Cognate object বলে।

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by + subject টির object।

Active: He caught a fish.
Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: You ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.

Rule 14:

Infinitive যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He wants someone to take camera.
Passive: He wants camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be taken.

Rule 15:

Gerund combinations অর্থাৎ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পরের object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে v3 বসে।

Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.

Rule 16:

Agree, be anxious, arrange, determine, be determined, decide, demand, + infinitive + object object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + infinitive এর পরের + object + should be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He decided to buy the house.
Passive: He decided that the house should be bought.
Active: You agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.

Rule 17:

One + should যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + should be + v3

Active: One should take care of one’s education.
Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: One should speak the truth.
Passive: Truth should be spoken.

বিঃ দ্রঃ Quassi  Passive এর উদাহরণগুলো বই থেকে ভালোভাবে আয়ত্ব করে নিও।

A RARE COLLECTCTION OF TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

A RARE COLLECTION OF TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

1 . I would as soon die as injure you. (Comparative)

2. He is as intimate to me as to you. (Comparative)

3. There is no mystery as great as misery. (Comparative)

4.  He is at lest as competent as any other man. (Comparative)

5. O what misery is in store for me! (Assertive)

6.  How charming!  (Assertive)

7.   Woe to the traitor to his country! (Assertive)

8.  I rejoice that my friend is coming.  (Exclamatory)

9.  Good morning! Mr. Bose.  (Assertive)

10. Away with you. You rogue! (Assertive)

11. The spectators cried out that it was a capital hit.  (Exclamatory)

12. Had I but a friend to support me! (Assertive)

13. I am very desirous of meeting of meeting you once more. (Exclamatory)

14.  It is shameful that he does not look after his old father.  (Exclamatory)

15. He tried all plans. (Negative)

16. No one can deny that he is a good musician. (Affirmative)

17. It is not always easy in company to speak frankly. (Affirmative)

18. Every rose has a thorn. (Negative)

19.  The bailiff would not wait any longer. (Affirmative)

20. This was not he last attack. (Affirmative)

21. I was not sure that he would come. (Affirmative)

22.  He loves you. (Negative)

23. He always minds his lessons. (Negative)

24. It always pours when it rains. (Negative)

25.  He is competent for the post.  (Negative))

26. You are the only person fit for the post. (Negative)

27.  I come here for the last time. (Negative)

28. In all respects this morning was like any other. (Negative)

29. Everybody will admit that I am right. (Negative)

30. It is probable that he will arrive. (Negative)

31. Why waste time? (Assertive)

32. There is no use of this statue. (Interrogative)

33. Their glory can never fade. (Interrogative)

34.  Fair words are of no avail in times of danger. (Interrogative)

35.  It does not matter if I fail. (Interrogative)

36. There is no hope for me if you do not come. (Interrogative)

37. Nowhere in the world you will find a mountain peak higher than Everest. (Interrogative)

38. There is nothing wrong with me. (Interrogative)

39. He will go only under compulsion. (Negative)

40. Chance and accidents are only aliases of ignorance. (Negative)

41. Jim was always on time. (Negative)

42. I saw nothing in the bag but husks and dust. (Affirmative)

43. It was the only school for males. (Negative)

44. Nobody had seen her smile. (Passive)

45. We went to see the launching of the ship. (Passive)

46.  He wants to do it. (Passive)

47. Perfect, perfect little house! Who could possibly mind the smell? (Assertive)

48. Only he who was pure in heart could be perfectly just. (Negative)

49. Both  Rahim and karim went there. (Negative)

50. A little boy is never guilty. (Affirmative)

51. There are many people here. (Negative)

52. We did not sell much honey. (Affirmative)

53.   I shall never come here. (Affirmative)

54. I have never seen him since then. (Affirmative)

55. I shall never warn you. (Affirmative)

56. He has left the village forever. (Negative)

57. I have given up smoking forever (Negative)

58. He came here for the last time. (Negative)

59. Everyone must die. (Interrogative)

60. Everybody has some desire. (Interrogative)

61. An honest man never tells a lie. (Interrogative)

62. You have never seen it before. (Interrogative)

63. It was a good idea. (Interrogative)

64. I know nothing about it (Interrogative)

65. There is nothing better than honesty. (Interrogative)

66. Our life is nothing but a walking shadow. (Interrogative)

67. Surely you are not his servant. (Interrogative)

68.  It is of no use now. (Interrogative)

69. It was nothing but deceit. (Interrogative)

70. You are a great fool. (Exclamatory)

71.  The cat runs very swiftly. (Exclamatory)

72.  I wish I had the wings of a dove. (Exclamatory)

73. He works very nicely. (Exclamatory)

74. Your book is as heavy as mine. (Comparative)

75. The tea is too hot to be drunk. (Negative)

76. This fact is too evident to require proof. (Negative)

77. What a fall was there, my countrymen! (Assertive)

78. Any branch of knowledge is to difficult to be conquered by perseverance. (Negative)

79. I have never seen so beautiful a pearl as this. (Comparative)

80. He is too honest to accept a bribe. (Negative)

81. The Romans expected to conquer Carthage. (Passive)

82. He leaped into the water as soon as the ship touched the shore. (Negative)

83. Besides robbing the passenger, he also murdered them. (Negative)

84. Subas balls faster than Ashoke. (Positive)

85. Who does not know that two and two makes four? (Assertive)

86. Napoleon was one of the greatest European Generals. (Positive)

87. If only I could see him to reproach him for his ingratitude! (Assertive)

88. It is now time to call over the names. (Passive)

89. Of Jesus’s birth many tales are told. (Passive)

90. Every tree is known by its fruits. (Negative)

91. I never did this before. (Affirmative)

92. This is too small a thing to pit down. (Negative)

93. A proposal was made by them to hold a meeting. (Active)

94. Friendship is nothing but a name. (Interrogative)

95. He turned all the stones. (Negative)

96. I missed the train. (Negative)

97. They solved their problem wisely. (Negative)

98. What a pity! (Assertive)

99. It burns the prettiest of any wood. (Positive)

100. He is less stupid than Apurbo. (Positive)

 Answers of the Transformations

1. I would die sooner than injure you.

2. He is not more intimate to you than to me.

3. Misery is greater than any other mystery.

4.  He is not less competent than any other man.

5. Great misery is in store for me.

6.  It is very charming.

7. Let woe befall the traitor to his country.

8.  Hurrah! My friend is coming.

9.  I wish you Mr. Bose Good morning.

10. You are a rogue and must go away at once.

11. ‘Capital hit!’ Cried out the spectators.

12. I wish I had a friend to support me.

13. Oh, how much I desire to meet you once more!

14.  Fie! He does not look after his old father.

15. He left no plan untried.

16. Everyone admits that he is a good musician.

17. It is often difficult in company to speak frankly.

18. There is no rose without a thorn.

19.  The bailiff refused to wait any longer.

20. More attacks followed.

21. I was doubtful if he would come.

22.  He is not without love for you.

23. He never neglects his lessons.

24. It never rains but pours.

25.  He is not incompetent for the post.

26. No other person but you are fit for the post.

27.  Never again I shall come here.

28. This morning did not differ from any other in any respect.

29. Nobody will deny that I am right.

30. It is not improbable that he will arrive.

31. It is no use wasting time.

32. What is the use of this statue?

33. Can their glory ever fade?

34.  Of what avail are fair words in times of danger?

35.  What does it matter if I fail?

36. Is there any hope for me if you do not come?

37. Where in the world will you find a mountain peak higher than Everest?

38. Is there anything wrong with me?

39. He will go unless he is compelled.

40. Chance and accidents are nothing but aliases of ignorance.

41. Jim never late.

42. I saw only but husks and dust in the bag.

43. There was no other school for males.

44. She had not seen by anybody to smile.

45. We went to see the ship being launched.

46.  It is wanted to be done by him/ He wants that it should be done.

47. It was such a perfect little house that nobody could possibly mind the smell.

48. None but he who was pure in heart could be perfectly just.

49. Not only Rahim but also karim went there.

50. A little boy is always innocent.

51. There are not a few people here.

52. We sold a little honey.

53.   I come here for the last time.

54. Then I saw him last.

55. I warn you for the last time.

56. He will never come to the village again.

57. I shall never smoke again.

58. He never came here again.

59. Who will not die?

60. Who does not have any desire?

61. Does an honest man ever tell a lie?

62. Have you ever seen it before?

63. Wasn’t it a good idea?

64. Do I know anything about it?

65. Is there anything better than honesty?

66. What is our life but a walking shadow?

67. Are you his servant?

68.  Of what use is it now? / Is it of any use now?

69. What was it but deceit?

70. What a fool you are!

71.  How swiftly the cat runs!

72.  Had I the wings of a dove!

73. How nicely he works!

74. My book is not heavier than yours.

75. The tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk.

76. This fact is so evident that it does not require any proof.

77. There was a great fall, my countrymen.

78. Any branch of knowledge is so difficult that it cannot be conquered by perseverance.

79. I have never seen a pearl more beautiful than this.

80. He is so honest that he cannot accept a bribe.

81. The Romans expected Carthage to be conquered.

82. No sooner had the ship touched the shore than he leaped into the water.

83. He not only robbed the passenger but also murdered him.

84. Ashoke does not bowl so fast as Subash does.

85. Everybody knows that two and two makes four.

86. Very few Generals of European were as great as Napoleon.

87. I wish to see him to reproach him for his ingratitude.

88. It is now time for the names to be called over.

89. People tell many tales of Jesus’s birth.

90. There is no tree that cannot be known by its fruits.

91. It is wrong to say that I ever did this before.

92. This is so small a thing that cannot be put down.

93. They proposed to hold a meeting.

94. What is friendship but a name?

95. He left no stone unturned.

96. I could not catch the train.

97. They did not solve their problem unwisely.

98. It is a great pity.

99. No other wood burns so pretty as it.

100. He is not so stupid as Apurbo.

জে এস সি ২০১৮ এর বাংলা ও ইংরেজীর নতুন মানবন্টন

Compositions

Science in Everyday life

Science has achieved a tremendous advancement during the last few decades. Every sphere of human life is largely influenced by science. From the time we get up from bed till time to go to bed, we feel the influence of science. Not only the family life but also the general life in society has a touch of science. The attachments of science to our everyday life are many. Yet let us mention some of the major fields where we cannot do without science.

Electricity is the first gift that we owe very much to science. It helps us to lit lights, running fans, refrigerators, television, washing machines and other electrical appliances. The computer also cannot run without electricity.

By using the modern transports like bus, truck, train and aircraft, we can travel a long distance within a very short time. Carrying men and materials from one place to another has also become easier. Science is used commonly in medical science. It helps with the diagnosis of diseases and manufacturing and prescribing medicines. X-ray, ECG etc. are used to diagnosis diseases very accurately.

With the help of science, multi-storied buildings are constructed. Many people can be accommodated in these buildings at a time with all modern amenities like gas, electricity, telephone, satellite channels etc.

It has brought about a revolutionary change in the field of telecommunication. In the twinkle of an eye, a message can be sent from one corner of the world to the other corners through fax, telex, telephone, mobile phone, satellite and internet.

We use science in weather forecasting nowadays. By studying the satellite pictures we can know about the impending weather and can take step accordingly.

Scientific methods of cultivation are now being used to increase the production of crops. With the use of scientific knowledge and tools, we can determine which soil is suitable for which crops. We can prevent pest by chemicals. Again chemical fertilizers are used to increase food production.

There are many other areas of our everyday life where we use science. They are too many to mention. In short, we are indebted to science from our birth to our death. It would be ungratefulness if we do not acknowledge the boons of science in our everyday life.

My Favourite Hobby

Hobby means one's favorite occupation but not one's main business. A man cannot depend on it for his living, but it is not less important than his main business. It gives us joy and pleasure but we do not pay for it. Everyman should have his own hobby for a sound mind and sound health. A man cannot enjoy his leisure without a hobby. Our life becomes dull and monotonous without hobby. So, it is necessary to have a hobby to enjoy life.

There are many kinds of hobbies like gardening, drawing picture, painting, kite flying, stamp collecting, catching fish, etc. Whatever be one's hobby, it offers one pleasure and relief from monotony. I am a student of class XII. I also have a hobby and it is gardening. It gives me much pleasure, strengthens my health, and refreshes my mind. The most important thing is that it relieves me from my routine work.  

I have a garden in front of my reading room. I have planted many kinds of seasonal flower plants in it. I work there with a spade during my leisure. I weed out grass and unnecessary plants and make the soil loose with spade. I also plant new flower plants. I water them regularly. I have also put a fence to make it safe from naughty boys and cattle.

After morning prayer, I go to my garden. My heart leaps up with joy to see my garden full of various flowers. The flowers spread a sweet smell. The beauty and sweet smell of different flowers make me jolly. I get great pleasure everyday when I see the blooming flowers in my garden. The happy smile of the flowers purifies my mind.

Every day I work in my garden at least for two hours. On holidays I work longer in my garden. My toil in the garden makes my body strong. Whenever, my friends, neighbors and relatives come to our home, I take them into my garden and show them various flowers. They become very glad to see my garden and appreciate my taste very much.

I am also very glad to choose this hobby as it helps me to improve my body and mind. I get charmed at the beauty of the flowers of my garden especially when they are tossed by gentle breeze. I also get pleasure when the sweet scent of flowers come into my room. It helps me to forget my worries and anxieties. I think everyone should have a hobby for a cheerful life.

A Journey by Train

A journey is always fascinating. It refreshes our mind and makes us happy. Journey is a relief in our monotonous everyday life. After a journey we feel relaxed and fresh. It also fills our heart with peace. During the last winter vacation, I got an opportunity to make a journey by train with my family members from Dhaka to Rajshahi. My grandparents live in Rajshahi and my father works as an official in a government office in Dhaka. We generally go to Rajshahi by bus. But that time my father decided to go there by train.

It was 11 December, 2014. We got up early in the morning, took preparation and got on two rickshaws. It took almost half an hour to reach Kamlapur Railway Station. The platform was crowded and people were busy buying tickets. My father bought four tickets from the ticket counter for the 'Ekota Express'. We got into the train and found our seats beside the window. Within a few minutes, the guard blew his whistle and waved his green flag and the train started to move slowly at about 7.30 am. The train left the platform and gradually it attained speed.

However, the train was not so crowded. As the window was open for air movement and I had the seat  beside the window, I could see outside easily. I looked outside through the window and soothed my eyes taking a look at the outside natural beauty. The train was moving at a great speed and there was a great jerking. Farmers were seen working in the fields, village women were seen carrying pitchers of water, fishermen were seen catching fish in the rivers and marshes. All these left a permanent impression on my mind.

As it was an intercity train, it did not stop in many stations and was not very crowded. When it was crossing small stations, it seemed speedier. There were a few hawkers selling boiled eggs, chanachur and betel leaf and fried ground nut. We had our breakfast with bread and boiled eggs. Later an attendant was ordered to bring tea.

The time passed by. During the journey, my father showed me the Indian boarder at hilly station. In fact, I was enjoying everything around me. In this way we passed ten hours and at last reached Rajshahi. My uncle was waiting for us with a car. After coming out of the station, it took only ten minutes to reach my uncle’s house. We were greeted cordially.

Thus the train journey came to an end. Though I made the journey last year, the memory of it is ever fresh in my mind

My Aim in Life

There is a saying that a man without an aim in life is like a ship without a rudder. We all know that a ship without a rudder faces danger. In the same way, a man without an aim in life cannot reach his goal. Therefore, each person should have a definite aim in life. This aim in life varies from person to person, society to society, and country to country. Besides, it depends on one's taste, liking, and surrounding environment.

Someone wants to be a doctor, someone wants to be an engineer and someone wants to be an officer. Like others I also nourish an aim in life. My aim in life is to become a teacher in future life. It is undoubtedly a difficult task to fix an aim in life. I also faced much problem to fix my aim in life. At long last I had been able to fix my aim in life after a lot of thinking and analysis. Of course, I had specific reasons for my choice.

The first reason in favour of my choice is the belief that man is a lifelong student in the lap of nature. There is no end of knowledge and this hunger for knowledge haunts me madly. The second reason for my choice is the belief that it is mother of all professions. Everybody, high ranking and low ranking, civil and military officials, are taught by teachers. What they are today is the work of a teacher.

What I want to be might astonish my parents, friends, and relatives. Because in this age of high competition everybody is in favour of being a doctor, an engineer, a civil or military officer, or a big business magnet or executive. All these professions give people authority and wealth to exercise. But I believe that a teacher is needed everywhere and thus can play a great role everywhere. Above all, it is a noble profession

A good teacher is an asset to the country undoubtedly. He moulds the young minds of the students. He inculcates in them the sense of patriotism, religion, values, morality, social service, etc. He is a model to the students. He is to be followed by the students. A good teacher can build up good citizens whom the country badly need for its overall development. Though, in outward appearance, he leads a very simple life, he is full of high thoughts and ideals.

Sometimes I feel sorry for the economic plight of the teachers in our country. Sometimes it seems to me that the teachers are the objects of pity. Many high level officials and politicians play with their fate. They are not ready to accept and evaluate the service of the teachers. Though they mention teachers as the architects of nation building in their speech, they look down upon them. Until and unless teachers are respected and given due honour in the society, the country will not develop.

In the developed countries, even in our neighbouring country India, teachers are highly respected and well paid. Traffic police salute them when their cars cross them. However, I strongly believe a teacher is the architect of nation building though some negative aspects of this profession pains me. Lastly, I want  to be a teacher and I will remain happy remaining a teacher.

Tree Plantation

It has been a global slogan now that plant tree, save the tree, and save the earth. Trees are the most important gift of nature as they are inseparably related to our life. Since the dawn of civilization, man has a close relationship with trees. Trees produce oxygen and reduce carbondioxide and thus make the atmosphere healthy. They give shade and shelter to people, wild life and birds. We get wood from trees which is an essential item for house building and furniture. Fruits and many kinds of edible stuffs are produced from trees. We also can earn a lot of money by selling fruits and timber. Besides, trees save the soil from erosion and it increases fertility in soil which is the major concern for farmers to grow food.

Trees are not only important for life, it is important for environment as well. It checks natural calamities. Trees keep the temperature of environment sustainable. Trees bear a great impact on climate. A country needs trees to ensure a cool and healthy climate for her people. To maintain ecological balance, there is no alternative to tree plantation. If there is no tree, the balance in ecology will be seriously destroyed. Our existence in this world cannot be imagined without trees. To speak the truth, we are totally dependent on trees for living on this earth. A moment without oxygen which trees supply us, will surely blow out our light of life.

But it is a great regret that we are cutting down trees in such a huge number that the country is going to be a treeless desert and we all will die. On the other hand, we are severely polluting our environment with carbondioxide and thus bring forth our all. The government has already realized the importance of trees and celebrates tree plantation week every year. It is encouraging general people to plant more trees. Mass media have also taken the responsibility to air various programmes to make the people aware of it.

However, trees are our best friends and a big saving for our future generation. So, tree plantation should be one of our prime duties. June and July are the most suitable period for planting trees in our country. Sea beaches, low-lying unused lands, sides of the highways and roads can be brought under the scheme of tree plantation. Both government and private sectors should come forward to raise consciousness among people about the importance of tree plantation. We must plant trees as more as possible in every available place.